<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"/>


<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />

<meta name="theme-color" content="#f8f5ec" />
<meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#f8f5ec">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="#f8f5ec">



  <meta name="description" content="简记浏览器工作原理"/>




  <meta name="keywords" content="浏览器的工作原理" />










  <link rel="alternate" href="/teresa/atom.xml" title="Teresa">




  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/teresa/favicon.ico?v=2.9.0" />



<link rel="canonical" href="https://littlefaye.gitee.io/teresa/2018/08/28/浏览器工作原理/"/>



  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/teresa/lib/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css" />




  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/teresa/lib/nprogress/nprogress.min.css" />



<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/teresa/css/style.css?v=2.9.0" />



  
  <script id="baidu_analytics">
    var _hmt = _hmt || [];
    (function() {
      var hm = document.createElement("script");
      hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?9b4723f0455add81c1300727d6fe2f0f";
      var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
      s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
    })();
  </script>




  <script id="baidu_push">
(function(){
    var bp = document.createElement('script');
    var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
    if (curProtocol === 'https') {
        bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
    }
    else {
        bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
    }
    var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
    s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
})();
</script>





  <script src="//cdn1.lncld.net/static/js/3.1.1/av-min.js"></script>
  <script id="leancloud">
    AV.init({
      appId: "q8I1nPpo7445tVF84mvOlAyj-gzGzoHsz",
      appKey: "i9j12HoNltgi5uq4DLvonO0h"
    });
  </script>




<script>
  window.config = {"title":"Teresa","subtitle":null,"description":"about fe","author":"Teresa-哼哼","language":"zh-CN","timezone":null,"url":"https://littlefaye.gitee.io/teresa","root":"/teresa/","permalink":":year/:month/:day/:title/","permalink_defaults":null,"source_dir":"source","public_dir":"public","tag_dir":"tags","archive_dir":"archives","category_dir":"categories","code_dir":"downloads/code","i18n_dir":":lang","skip_render":null,"new_post_name":":title.md","default_layout":"post","titlecase":false,"external_link":true,"filename_case":0,"render_drafts":false,"post_asset_folder":false,"relative_link":false,"future":true,"highlight":{"enable":true,"auto_detect":false,"line_number":true,"tab_replace":null,"first_line_number":"always1"},"default_category":"uncategorized","category_map":null,"tag_map":null,"date_format":"YYYY-MM-DD","time_format":"HH:mm:ss","per_page":10,"pagination_dir":"page","theme":"even","deploy":{"type":"git","repo":"https://gitee.com/littleFaye/Teresa.git"},"ignore":[],"keywords":null,"index_generator":{"per_page":10,"order_by":"-date","path":""},"archive_generator":{"per_page":10,"yearly":true,"monthly":true,"daily":false},"tag_generator":{"per_page":10},"category_generator":{"per_page":10},"marked":{"gfm":true,"pedantic":false,"sanitize":false,"tables":true,"breaks":true,"smartLists":true,"smartypants":true,"modifyAnchors":"","autolink":true},"server":{"port":4000,"log":false,"ip":"0.0.0.0","compress":false,"header":true},"since":2015,"favicon":"/favicon.ico","rss":false,"menu":{"Home":"/","Archives":"/archives/","Tags":"/tags","Categories":"/categories","About":"/about"},"color":"Default","toc":true,"fancybox":true,"pjax":true,"copyright":{"enable":true,"license":"<a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\" target=\"_blank\">知识共享署名-非商业性使用 4.0 国际许可协议</a>"},"reward":{"enable":false,"qrCode":{"wechat":null,"alipay":null}},"social":{"email":"1748711164@qq.com","stack-overflow":null,"twitter":null,"facebook":null,"linkedin":null,"google":null,"github":"https://github.com/Faye0807","weibo":null,"zhihu":null,"douban":null,"pocket":null,"tumblr":null,"instagram":null},"leancloud":{"app_id":"q8I1nPpo7445tVF84mvOlAyj-gzGzoHsz","app_key":"i9j12HoNltgi5uq4DLvonO0h"},"baidu_analytics":"9b4723f0455add81c1300727d6fe2f0f","baidu_verification":null,"google_analytics":null,"google_verification":null,"disqus_shortname":null,"changyan":{"appid":null,"appkey":null},"livere_datauid":null,"version":"2.9.0"};
</script>

    <title> 浏览器工作原理 - Teresa </title>
  </head>

  <body><div id="mobile-navbar" class="mobile-navbar">
  <div class="mobile-header-logo">
    <a href="/teresa/." class="logo">Teresa</a>
  </div>
  <div class="mobile-navbar-icon">
    <span></span>
    <span></span>
    <span></span>
  </div>
</div>

<nav id="mobile-menu" class="mobile-menu slideout-menu">
  <ul class="mobile-menu-list">
    
      <a href="/teresa/">
        <li class="mobile-menu-item">
          
          
            首页
          
        </li>
      </a>
    
      <a href="/teresa/archives/">
        <li class="mobile-menu-item">
          
          
            归档
          
        </li>
      </a>
    
      <a href="/teresa/tags">
        <li class="mobile-menu-item">
          
          
            标签
          
        </li>
      </a>
    
      <a href="/teresa/categories">
        <li class="mobile-menu-item">
          
          
            分类
          
        </li>
      </a>
    
      <a href="/teresa/about">
        <li class="mobile-menu-item">
          
          
            关于
          
        </li>
      </a>
    
  </ul>
</nav>

    <div class="container" id="mobile-panel">
      <header id="header" class="header"><div class="logo-wrapper">
  <a href="/teresa/." class="logo">Teresa</a>
</div>

<nav class="site-navbar">
  
    <ul id="menu" class="menu">
      
        <li class="menu-item">
          <a class="menu-item-link" href="/teresa/">
            
            
              首页
            
          </a>
        </li>
      
        <li class="menu-item">
          <a class="menu-item-link" href="/teresa/archives/">
            
            
              归档
            
          </a>
        </li>
      
        <li class="menu-item">
          <a class="menu-item-link" href="/teresa/tags">
            
            
              标签
            
          </a>
        </li>
      
        <li class="menu-item">
          <a class="menu-item-link" href="/teresa/categories">
            
            
              分类
            
          </a>
        </li>
      
        <li class="menu-item">
          <a class="menu-item-link" href="/teresa/about">
            
            
              关于
            
          </a>
        </li>
      
    </ul>
  
</nav>

      </header>

      <main id="main" class="main">
        <div class="content-wrapper">
          <div id="content" class="content">
            
  
  <article class="post">
    <header class="post-header">
      <h1 class="post-title">
        
          浏览器工作原理
        
      </h1>

      <div class="post-meta">
        <span class="post-time">
          2018-08-28
        </span>
        
          <div class="post-category">
            
              <a href="/teresa/categories/性能优化/">性能优化</a>
            
          </div>
        
        
        <div class="post-visits"
             data-url="/teresa/2018/08/28/浏览器工作原理/"
             data-title="浏览器工作原理">
            阅读次数 0
          </div>
        
      </div>
    </header>

    
    
  <div class="post-toc" id="post-toc">
    <h2 class="post-toc-title">文章目录</h2>
    <div class="post-toc-content">
      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#浏览器的高层结构"><span class="toc-text">浏览器的高层结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#呈现引擎（渲染引擎）"><span class="toc-text">呈现引擎（渲染引擎）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#主流程"><span class="toc-text">主流程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析-综述"><span class="toc-text">解析-综述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析器和词法分析器的组合"><span class="toc-text">解析器和词法分析器的组合</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#翻译"><span class="toc-text">翻译</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
    </div>
  </div>



    <div class="post-content">
      
        <blockquote>
<p>本文主要参考 <a href="https://www.html5rocks.com/zh/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/#The_browser_main_functionality" target="_blank" rel="noopener">浏览器的工作原理：新式网络浏览器幕后揭秘</a></p>
<p>此文做学习记录</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="浏览器的高层结构"><a href="#浏览器的高层结构" class="headerlink" title="浏览器的高层结构"></a>浏览器的高层结构</h2><p>浏览器的主要组件：</p>
<ul>
<li>用户界面 地址栏、前进后退、刷新按钮等（除了显示的页面外都是用户界面）</li>
<li>呈现引擎（负责显示页面）</li>
<li>浏览器引擎（在用户界面与呈现引擎间传达指令）</li>
<li>网络（用于网络调用，比如HTTP请求）</li>
<li>用户界面后端（用于绘制基本的窗口小部件，比如组合框和窗口）</li>
<li>JavaScript解释器（解析、执行JavaScript）</li>
<li>存储（这是持久层，浏览器在硬盘存储数据，比如cookie等）</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="呈现引擎（渲染引擎）"><a href="#呈现引擎（渲染引擎）" class="headerlink" title="呈现引擎（渲染引擎）"></a>呈现引擎（渲染引擎）</h2><blockquote>
<p>默认情况，呈现引擎可以显示HTML、XML和图片，通过插件也可以显示其他类型的内容，比如PDF；</p>
<ul>
<li>Firefox使用的是Gecko</li>
<li>Safari和Chrome使用的是WebKit</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="主流程"><a href="#主流程" class="headerlink" title="主流程"></a>主流程</h3><p>主流程可以参考 <a href="https://littlefaye.gitee.io/teresa/2018/08/28/重绘重排/">重绘重排</a></p>
<h3 id="解析-综述"><a href="#解析-综述" class="headerlink" title="解析-综述"></a>解析-综述</h3><blockquote>
<p><code>解析</code> 是 <code>呈现引擎</code> 中的一个重要环节。</p>
<p><code>解析文档</code> 是指将文档转换成为有意义的结构。解析得到的结果通常是代表了文档结构的节点树，称作 <code>语法树</code> 或 <code>解析树</code> 。解析是以文档所遵循的语法规则为基础的。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="解析器和词法分析器的组合"><a href="#解析器和词法分析器的组合" class="headerlink" title="解析器和词法分析器的组合"></a>解析器和词法分析器的组合</h4><p>解析的过程可以分为两个子过程： <code>词法分析</code> 和 <code>语法分析</code></p>
<ul>
<li>词法分析：将输入内容分割成大量标记的过程</li>
<li>语法分析：是应用语言的语法规则的过程</li>
</ul>
<p>解析器通常将解析工作分给以下两个组件来处理：</p>
<ul>
<li>词法分析器（标记生成器）：负责将内容分割成一个个的有效标记（词法分析器知道如何将无关字符比如空格、换行符分离出来）</li>
<li>解析器：负责根据语言语法规则分析文档结构，从而构建解析树</li>
</ul>
<p>解析是一个迭代的过程。解析器想词法分析器请求一个新标记，并尝试将其与某条语法规则进行匹配。如果发现了匹配规则，解析器会将一个对应于该标记的节点添加到解析树，然后继续请求下一个标记。</p>
<p>如果没有规则可以匹配，解析器就会将标记存储到内部，并继续请求标记，直至找到所有内部存储的标记匹配的规则。如果找不到任何匹配规则。解析器就会引发一个异常。意味着文档无效，包含语法错误。</p>
<div align="center"><br>  <img src="https://www.html5rocks.com/zh/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/image011.png" alt="源文档到解析树"><br></div>

<h4 id="翻译"><a href="#翻译" class="headerlink" title="翻译"></a>翻译</h4><p>很多时候，解析树不是最终产品。翻译是指将输入文档转换成另一种格式。编译就是一个例子。编译器可以将源代码编译成机器代码。</p>
<div align="center"><br>  <img src="https://www.html5rocks.com/zh/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/image013.png" alt="编译流程"><br></div>
      
    </div>

    
      
      

  <div class="post-copyright">
    <p class="copyright-item">
      <span>原文作者: </span>
      <a href="https://littlefaye.gitee.io/teresa">Teresa-哼哼</a>
    </p>
    <p class="copyright-item">
      <span>原文链接: </span>
      <a href="https://littlefaye.gitee.io/teresa/2018/08/28/浏览器工作原理/">https://littlefaye.gitee.io/teresa/2018/08/28/浏览器工作原理/</a>
    </p>
    <p class="copyright-item">
      <span>许可协议: </span>
      
      <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">知识共享署名-非商业性使用 4.0 国际许可协议</a>
    </p>
  </div>



      
      
    

    
      <footer class="post-footer">
        
          <div class="post-tags">
            
              <a href="/teresa/tags/浏览器/">浏览器</a>
            
          </div>
        
        
        
  <nav class="post-nav">
    
      <a class="prev" href="/teresa/2018/09/04/DOM方法/">
        <i class="iconfont icon-left"></i>
        <span class="prev-text nav-default">常用DOM操作方法及属性</span>
        <span class="prev-text nav-mobile">上一篇</span>
      </a>
    
    
      <a class="next" href="/teresa/2018/08/28/重绘重排/">
        <span class="next-text nav-default">重绘重排</span>
        <span class="prev-text nav-mobile">下一篇</span>
        <i class="iconfont icon-right"></i>
      </a>
    
  </nav>

      </footer>
    

  </article>


          </div>
          
  <div class="comments" id="comments">
    
  </div>


        </div>
      </main>

      <footer id="footer" class="footer">

  <div class="social-links">
    
      
        
          <a href="mailto:1748711164@qq.com" class="iconfont icon-email" title="email"></a>
        
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
        
          <a href="https://github.com/Faye0807" class="iconfont icon-github" title="github"></a>
        
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
      
    
    
    
  </div>


<div class="copyright">
  <span class="power-by">
    由 <a class="hexo-link" href="https://hexo.io/">Hexo</a> 强力驱动
  </span>
  <span class="division">|</span>
  <span class="theme-info">
    主题 - 
    <a class="theme-link" href="https://github.com/ahonn/hexo-theme-even">Even</a>
  </span>

  <span class="copyright-year">
    
    &copy; 
     
      2015 - 
    
    2018

    <span class="heart">
      <i class="iconfont icon-heart"></i>
    </span>
    <span class="author">Teresa-哼哼</span>
  </span>
</div>

      </footer>

      <div class="back-to-top" id="back-to-top">
        <i class="iconfont icon-up"></i>
      </div>
    </div>

    
  
  

  



    
  



  
  





  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/teresa/lib/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
  

  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/teresa/lib/slideout/slideout.js"></script>
  

  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/teresa/lib/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script>
  

  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/teresa/lib/pjax/jquery.pjax.min.js"></script>
  

  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/teresa/lib/nprogress/nprogress.min.js"></script>
  


    <script type="text/javascript" src="/teresa/js/src/even.js?v=2.9.0"></script>

  </body>
</html>
